Denis Frath

After a MSc degree at INSA Rouen, I moved to University of Strasbourg for a PhD supported by a MENRT fellowship. My doctoral work was focused on the light driven production of hydrogen and on the synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes. Then I worked on STM analyses of photoresponsive self-assembled monolayers as a JSPS fellow at Kyoto University, on redox-active molecular layers for electronic devices at Paris Diderot University and binuclear phthalocyanine metallic complexes for catalytic reactions at CNRS in Lyon. I am currently working as CNRS research associate at the Chemistry Laboratory of ENS Lyon.

My research interests are directed towards π‐conjugated molecules with optical and electrochemical properties, their supramolecular self-assembly and functional materials with switchable properties (gels, liquid crystals, surfaces…).

Ambition Internationale (2024-2026)

“On-surface chiroptical properties in self-assembled monolayers for photonics and optoelectronics”

Partners involved :
P1 : UMR 5182 – Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS Lyon (Coord. D. Frath)
P2 : UMR 5306 – ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (S. Guy)
P3 : Nara Institute of Science and Technology (T. Kawai)
P4 : Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University (K. Matsuda)

Our article is available to read at J. Mater. Chem. C.

Redox-active conductive supramolecular gels involving highly ordered chiral assemblies of small organic molecules are very promising soft materials for many applications ranging from catalysis to electronics. However, combining all these properties in the same material has so far remained a difficult task. We now report the synthesis and detailed structural, rheological, and electrical characterizations of supramolecular gels obtained by self-assembly of a dicationic low molecular weight gelator incorporating a redox-active 4,4′-bipyridinium unit. These molecules have been shown to self-assemble in pentanol to form chiral hollow core–shell cylinders, eventually yielding dendritic clusters inducing gelation. We also showed that the optical, rheological, and electrical properties of the gels can be tuned by adding ionic additives. Careful control of the formation of charge-transfer complexes between viologens and iodides has led to the formation of robust, transparent, conductive, and chiral gel. The gelation process, the properties of the gel, and the structure of the assemblies have been thoroughly investigated by UV-Vis and ECD spectroscopy, rheometry, bright-field microscopy, SAXS, AFM, electrochemical and impedance measurements.

Our article is available to read at J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines.

A linear porphyrin-based tecton bearing two 4,4′bipyridinium units (viologens) and two monomethyl-ether triethylene glycol-substituted phenyl substituents at the meso positions was synthesized and characterized. The latter was involved in the redox-triggered formation of linear supramolecular assemblies with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) cavitands in aqueous media. The CB[8]-promoted intermolecular π-dimerization of the viologen cation radicals introduced at the meso positions of the porphyrin platform has been brought to light through the diagnostic signatures of the 1:2 host-guest ternary caviplexes formed between viologen and CB[8] and by spectroscopic data collected after electrochemical reduction of the viologen-based tectons.

A PhD position is opened at the Chemistry Laboratory of ENS de Lyon and funded for three years by the French ANR in the frame of the project ChiroSwitch: metamorphic approaches for on-surface switching of chiroptical properties.

More informations here.

Our article is available to read at J. Am. Chem. Soc.

We herein report the synthesis and magnetic properties of a Ni(II)-porphyrin tethered to an imidazole ligand through a flexible electron-responsive mechanical hinge. The latter is capable of undergoing a large amplitude and fully reversible folding motion under the effect of electrical stimulation. This redox-triggered movement is exploited to force the axial coordination of the appended imidazole ligand onto the square-planar Ni(II) center, resulting in a change in its spin state from low spin (S = 0) to high spin (S = 1) proceeding with an 80% switching efficiency. The driving force of this reversible folding motion is the π-dimerization between two electrogenerated viologen cation radicals. The folding motion and the associated spin state switching are demonstrated on the grounds of NMR, (spectro)electrochemical, and magnetic data supported by quantum calculations.

Our article is available to read at ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

Through electrochemical deposition, photoswitchable single and bilayer molecular junctions based on diarylethene (DAE) and bisthienylbenzene (BTB) layers were fabricated. The electrical characterization of closed and open forms of DAE were investigated by C-AFM for two different layer thicknesses fixed at 2–3 nm and 8–9 nm, i.e. below and above the direct tunneling limit. Both layers switch between high and low conductance modes (« ON » and « OFF » states) when irradiated by UV and visible light. ON/OFF ratios of 2–3 and 200–400 were obtained for 3 nm- and 9 nm-thick DAE MJs, respectively. Next, we prepared 9 nm-thick MJs using a bi-layer system. The first layer (5 nm) is based on BTB oligomers. The second layer (4 nm) is based on DAE oligomers. The impact of this first layer on the switchable properties of the system, and on the photoresponse of the 9 nm-thick DAE-based MJs has been studied. The DAE/BTB bilayer generates new electronic functions combining photoswitching and photorectification. The open form of DAE/BTB shows low conductance and asymmetric I(V) curves while the closed form shows symmetric I(V) curves and high conductance. More importantly, unprecedented ON/OFF current ratios of over 10 000 at 1 volt were reproducibly measured.

Our article is available to read at ECS Adv.

Viologen-based ditopic bis-pyridinyl-triazole bidentate ligands self-assemble in the presence of palladium ions into supramolecular polymers whose structure is imposed by the directed formation of coordination bonds. Light-irradiation of these electron-responsive supramolecular materials triggers a photo-induced electron transfer yielding isolated π-radicals and dimers of radicals. The photoreduction events and the associated dimerization steps trigger a large-scale reorganization occurring within the supramolecular network yielding aggregates or gels depending on the irradiation conditions (power, duration). Detailed electrochemical, spectro-electrochemical and photochemical analyses were conducted to understand the mechanisms at stakes in these light-induced aggregation and gelation.

Our article is available to read at J. Phys. Chem. B.

Ditopic bis-(triazole/pyridine)viologens are bidentate ligands that self-assemble into coordination polymers. In such photo-responsive materials, light irradiation initiates photo-induced electron transfer to generate π-radicals that can self-associate to form π-dimers. This leads to a cascade of events: processes at the supramolecular scale associated with mechanical and structural transition at the macroscopic scale. By tuning the irradiation power and duration, we evidence the formation of aggregates and gels. Using microscopy, we show that the aggregates are dense, polydisperse, micron-sized, spindle-shaped particles which grow in time. Using microscopy and time-resolved micro-rheology, we follow the gelation kinetics which leads to a gel characterized by a correlation length of a few microns and a weak elastic modulus. The analysis of the aggregates and the gel states vouch for an arrested phase separation process, a new scenario to supramolecular systems.

Our article is available to read at Nano Lett.

Photoactive molecular junctions, based on 4 nm thick diarylethene (DAE) and 5 nm thick bisthienylbenzene (BTB) layers, were fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Total thickness was around 9 nm, that is, above the direct tunneling limit and in the hopping regime. The DAE units were switched between their open and closed forms. The DAE/BTB bilayer structure exhibits new electronic functions combining photoswitching and photorectification. The open form of DAE/BTB shows low conductance and asymmetric I–V curves while the closed form shows symmetric I–V curves and high conductance. More importantly, unprecedented ON/OFF current ratios of over 10 000 at 1 V were reproducibly measured.