Memory in the aging of a polymer glass

L. Bellon, S. Ciliberto and C. Laroche, Europhysics Letters 51 551-556 (2000)

doi: 10.1209/epl/i2000-00368-1

Low-frequency dielectric measurements on plexiglass (PMMA) show that cooling and heating the sample at constant rate give a hysteretic dependence on temperature of the dielectric constant ε. A temporary stop of cooling produces a downward relaxation of ε. Two main features are observed: i) when cooling is resumed ε goes back to the values obtained without the cooling stop ( i.e. the low-temperature state is independent of the cooling history); ii) upon reheating ε keeps the memory of the aging history ( Memory ). The analogies and differences with similar experiments done in spin-glasses are discussed.

Download PDF

Wave-number selection and parity-breaking bifurcation in directional viscous fingering

L. Bellon, L. Fourtune, V. Ter Minassian and M. Rabaud, Physical Review E 58 565-574 (1998)

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.565

We present a mechanism of limitation for the possible wave numbers above an instability threshold. This mechanism is experimentally investigated in the interfacial instability of directional viscous fingering in a finite system. It is shown experimentally to be controlled by the divergence of a phase-diffusion constant. Theoretically, this limitation on the low value of the accessible wave numbers is a consequence of the interaction between the fundamental and the first harmonic modes. The analysis of coupled amplitude equations demonstrates theoretically the existence of a divergence of a phase-diffusion constant when approaching the threshold of a parity-breaking instability.

Download PDF

Statistical properties of fracture precursors

A. Garcimartin, A. Guarino, L. Bellon and S. Ciliberto, Physical Review Letters 79 3202-3205 (1997)

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3202

We present the data of a mode-I fracture experiment. The samples are broken under imposed pressure. The acoustic emission of microfractures before the breakup of the sample is registered. From the acoustic signals, the position of microfractures and the energy released are calculated. A measure of the clustering of microfractures yields information about the critical load. The statistics from energy measurements strongly suggest that the fracture can be viewed as a critical phenomenon; energy events are distributed in magnitude as a power law, and a critical exponent is found for the energy near fracture.

Download PDF