Nicolas Barros, Sergio Ciliberto, Ludovic Bellon, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
arXiv: 2402.18556
We demonstrate experimentally that, applying optimal protocols which drive the system between two equilibrium states characterized by a free energy difference ΔF, we can maximize the probability of performing the transition between the two states with a work W smaller than ΔF. The second law holds only on average, resulting in the inequality ⟨W⟩≥ΔF. The experiment is performed using an underdamped oscillator evolving in a double-well potential. We show that with a suitable choice of parameters the probability of obtaining trajectories with W≤ΔF can be larger than 90 %. Very fast protocols are a key feature to obtain these results which are explained in terms of the Jarzynski equality.